This paper presents the major tourism management issues in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, with a particular focus on Xishuangbanna Biosphere Reserve (XBR). It emphasizes the integration of social, economic, and environmental goals for effective tourism planning and development. The situation analysis was patterned after the principles of the 7Es Environmental Management model for nature-based tourism management—Environment, Economics, Enforcement, Experience, Engagement, Enquiry, and Education.
This study assesses and analyses the ‘user cost’ and ‘net price’ methods of calculating the value of natural resource depreciation, thereby contributing to the continued quest for the most appropriate way to incorporate the degradation of natural capital into national income accounting procedures. On the basis of this assessment, the net price method is used to adjust the national accounts of Zimbabwe for depletion of forests, soils, and mineral resources, for the period 1980 to 1989.
This study assesses changes in 15 different ecosystem services from 26 different soil management measures (e.g. mulching, terracing, no-till) across 16 case study sites in Europe. Overall, the results are positive in terms of the impacts of the measures on ecosystem services, with 18 out of 26 measures having no decrease in any ecosystem service at the plot level.
This report was produced in the context of the Knowledge Innovation Project on an Integrated system of Natural Capital and ecosystem services Accounting (KIP INCA), which aims to develop a set of experimental accounts at the EU level, following the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EEA). It assesses and accounts for two ecosystem services: outdoor recreation (on a daily basis) and crop pollination. Each service is assessed biophysically using the ESTIMAP toolbox, and then translated into monetary units using valuation methods consistent with the System of National Accounts.
This study investigates the economic viability of the Republic of Korea’s national forestation programme, which began in the 1960s and ultimately resulted in the successfully recovery of its forests and the ecosystem services associated with them. The study found that the programme was economically viable in the long-term, with the break-even point of the extensive investment on forestation appearing within two decades. In addition, this study highlights some key lessons from Korea’s programme that other countries could apply to maximize the probability of success in their own countries.
This experimental review explores options for developing integrated seagrass accounts, primarily focusing on ecosystem extent accounts and ecosystem condition accounts, while briefly reviewing how these accounts could be linked to ‘ecosystem production’ and ‘service supply-use’ accounts.
This report calculates the natural capital value of forests in Canada by means of the defensive expenditures approach. It includes two main parts: (i) general background on Canada’s forests and approaches to natural capital valuation, and (ii) case studies for each of Canada's eight forest regions.
This paper introduces Japan’s initiative of valuing ecosystem services and incorporates it into the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EEA). Specifically, it evaluates ecological stocks (i.e. forest and wetland) and ecosystem services from them based on economic valuations and develops an accounting system to record these values.
This study estimates the distribution of costs of reclaiming and transporting treated wastewater for reuse in agricultural irrigation across Europe. It considers treatment costs as well as the costs associated with the water transport infrastructure and energy for pumping.
This case study of Myanmar assesses where and how ecosystems provide key benefits to the country’s people and infrastructure. It models the supply of and demand for sediment retention, dry-season baseflows, flood risk reduction and coastal storm protection from multiple beneficiaries.