This report is the first OECD review of Brazil’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and a green economy, with a focus on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and protected areas.The OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme provides independent assessments of country progress in achieving domestic and international environmental policy commitments. The reviews are conducted to improve environmental performance, promote peer learning and enhance accountability. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and provide policy-relevant recommendations.Each review cycle covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies.
This report is the third OECD review of environmental performance in the Netherlands. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on sustainable mobility, and waste and materials management.
The OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme provides independent assessments of country progress in achieving domestic and international environmental policy commitments. The reviews are conducted to improve environmental performance, promote peer learning and enhance accountability. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and provide policy-relevant recommendations.
Each review cycle covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies.
Our findings, based on satellite imagery data, show that land degradation hotspots cover about 30% of the global land area, where about 3.2 billion people reside.
Grassland areas experienced the most severe degradation. A third of the global grasslands and a quarter of croplands and about 29% of forest mosaics with shrubs and grasslands. Unlike many past studies, the present study shows that land degradation is a global problem occurring in both developed and developing countries as well as in tropical and temperate regions. Ground-truthing data in our six case-study countries showed a high degree of congruity between satellite imagery data and community perceptions of land degradation, and an intermediate congruity on areas that experienced land improvement – suggesting our land degradation results are robust.
The objective of this note is to identify/assess the barriers preventing local financial institutions from utilising carbon finance to support their financing activities, and to summarise existing attempts in using carbon revenues to enhance the bankability of these projects by reducing risks. The note is a deliverable under the Carbon Initiative for Development’s (CiDev’s) Methodology Work Program for FY15 supporting the Ci-Dev achieve its objective of utilizing the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to spur the implementation of projects in low income countries, to the extent possible, with a focus on household energy access in Africa.
This report is prepared in response to a request by the participants of the Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) for a desktop study describing donor activities in Low Income Countries (LICs) in Africa and Asia that have elements in common with the Ci-Dev Methodology Work Program (MWP). The scope of the research was broadened during implementation to allow for a review of initiatives that had similarities related to the entire Ci-Dev work program including business models. The intent of broadening the scope was to enhance the value of the report in assisting the CiDev work plan implementation by identifying opportunities to utilize potential synergies and avoid duplication with existing donor activities.
This report provides the first progress assessment of climate actions launched at the 2014 UN Climate Summit in New York. It considers the distribution and performance of climate actions along multiple dimensions that are relevant to both mitigation and adaptation. While it is too early for a conclusive assessment of the effectiveness of climate actions, this study makes a first and indispensable step toward such an assessment. Initial findings are encouraging. One year after their launch, most climate actions have performed well in terms of producing outputs, putting them on track to implementing their commitments in the coming years.