This guideline provides practical tools for city planners and decision makers to reform urban planning and infrastructure design according to the principles of eco-efficiency and social inclusiveness. It includes case studies from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Japan and Sri Lanka.
Recognising the importance of the financial sector’s incorporation in the transformation process towards green economies, GIZ Financial Systems Development has introduced new advisory services for policymakers and financial intermediaries in the recent past, and has developed specific products and instruments to smooth the way for green growth and suitable climate change adaptation. Current activities focus on the promotion of green financial sector regulation, the build-up of capacities in financial institutions as well as the introduction of innovative financing concepts to increase the flow of funds into green investments, and the development of weather and agricultural insurance solutions.
This paper offers a snapshot of GIZ’s activities. The paper includes case studies from Tajikistan and Ghana.
The New Growth Strategy aims to create demand and jobs through regulatory reform and fiscal measures. The Strategy focuses on key challenges, notably climate change and population ageing, which can be turned into sources of growth. Given Japan’s precarious fiscal position, it is essential to co-ordinate spending related to the Strategy with the medium-term fiscal plan, in part by increasing the emphasis on regulatory reform. Such measures should cover the entire economy, rather than being limited to the seven areas identified in the Strategy. Among those areas, effectively promoting green innovation will require market-based instruments to place a price on carbon, preferably through a mandatory and comprehensive emissions trading system, to promote private investment, accompanied by a range of other policies. Achieving deeper economic integration with Asia depends on reducing support for agriculture to facilitate more bilateral and regional trade agreements, while bringing down barriers to foreign direct investment and foreign workers. Policies to expand venture capital would help launch innovative firms.
Public expenditure remain crucial for addressing environmental problems and, more broadly, promoting a greener model of development in the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA). Traditionally, however, the environmental sector in the EECCA countries has not been very effective in attracting domestic public financing. As the global economic and financial crisis imposes ever-tighter constraints on public budgets in the region, and as donors shift to new approaches of delivering aid via country systems, this sector becomes increasingly vulnerable to underfunding.
This report investigates the current levels of investment in green economic initiatives and infrastructure in Jordan. The report also defines the economic, social and environmental challenges faced by Jordan and identifies the sectors that present the greatest opportunities for further investment to drive the transition to a green economy. The report identifies sectors that include energy, water, transport, waste management, agriculture and tourism.
This summary was prepared by the Division for Sustainable Development, UNDESA.
This paper was developed at the request of the OECD Working Party of the Investment Committee to document efforts to date to define and measure green FDI and to investigate the practicability of various possible definitions, as well as to identify investment policy restrictions to green FDI. It does so by reviewing the literature and existing work on the contributions of FDI to the environment; by providing a two-part definition of green FDI; and by discussing various assumptions necessary to estimate the magnitude of 'green' FDI.