This report investigates how cities can use different instruments to integrate the environment into urban planning and management approaches. Including: policy instruments, process instruments, planning instruments and management instruments. The report examines how these instruments are applied to several well established approaches to integrated urban planning. It examines the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of Integrated Development Plans, City Development Strategies, ecoCity Planning, ecoBUDGET and Strategic Environmental Assessment.
The report also includes 12 case studies of cities that have worked to integrate the environment into their planning processes including: Egypt (Alexandria), Thailand (Bangkok), Republic of Cuba (Bayamo), the Philippines (Bohol), Bulgaria (Bourgas), Canada (Calgary), South Africa (Cape Town), Brazil (Goiânia; Porto Alegre), Columbia (Manizales), Kenya (Nakuru), and the People’s Republic of China (Yangzhou).
Financial constraints are among the most important barriers to proper municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the developing countries of Asia and the Pacific. The reform of fiscal measures and the adoption of economic instruments could help local governments by increasing revenue, causing MSW management authorities in the region to attempt to recover costs by levying fees for their services. However, the polluter pays principle is not easy to enforce in countries where the population has never paid the actual cost of public services aimed at mitigating environmental damage. Since it directly affects their available income, local people often do not understand why they should pay for these services while at the same time, rising public awareness of environmental issues is making it more difficult to implement low-cost solutions, such as the creation of new disposal sites. The fermentation of waste in open dumps and landfills generates landfill gas (LFG), a major component of which is methane, a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG). Proper management of MSW which includes utilizing this LFG, can thus contribute to climate change mitigation.
This review The Nexus Between Infrastructure And Environment: From the Evaluation Cooperation Group of the International Financial Institutions was commissioned by the Evaluation Coordination Group (ECG) to evaluate members' experiences regarding the detrimental impacts of infrastructure on the environment and to enhance infrastructure's positive contribution to the environment. It finds that a more proactive and comprehensive approach, addressing nexus issues at the project level as well as at sectoral and national levels, is needed.
This assessment provides a detailed analysis grounded in the changing paradigm on development in Rwanda, speaking to how relationships can be corroborated empirically and how the evidence should influence the policymaking process at the national, meso, and micro levels.
This report details the process of identifying and subsequently integrating log frame environmental indicators to support the implementation of the "Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS).
This paper was aimed at better understanding of the political realities of subsidies and identifying good practices to reduce environmentally harmful subsidies.