Climate change is a major challenge facing the human race in regard to their survival and development in the 21st century. It has become the global consensus and trend to proactively address climate change and promote the green and low-carbon development. The Chinese government attaches great importance to addressing climate change. During the 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period (2011-2015), China puts the green and low-carbon development as an important component of ecological civilization construction and a crucial opportunity to accelerate the shift in the country’s economic development mode and promote the economic restructuring. China has made remarkable progress in combating climate change by carrying out strong policies and taking concrete actions to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhance national capabilities on climate change adaptation. During the 12th FYP period, the top-level design and institutional construction for low-carbon development were strengthened, while a series of major policies were issued to address climate change, including the Work Plan for Controlling GHG Emissions During the 12th FYP Period, the National Plan on Climate Change (2014-2020) and the National Strategy for Climate Adaptation. The development of low-carbon pilots and demonstration and carbon trading market has also seen progress, and distinctive low-carbon development patterns have formed. The international cooperation on climate change has been gradually enhanced, playing an important role in the conclusion of the Paris Agreement in December 2015. Remarkable achievements have been made to promote the South-South cooperation. According to a preliminary calculation, during the 12th FYP period, China’s energy-related carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP was reduced by 20 percent, exceeding the compulsory target of 17 percent reduction previously proposed, which has laid a good foundation for achieving the goal of cutting carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP by 40 percent - 45 percent from the year 2005 to 2020.