As a major country contributing to, and being seriously affected by, climate change, the Government of China has strived to integrate climate smart development actions into its emerging green growth strategy. In doing so, the Government developed the National Climate Change Program (2007), the White Paper on China’s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2011, the White Paper) and most recently the Work Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Control during the Period of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2011, the 12th FYP). Consistent with these frameworks, the Government specified in the Action Program on Climate Change for Agriculture (2008, the Action Program) that it would develop a sustainable agricultural production system to increase agricultural outputs and farmers’ incomes as well as to reduce its agricultural emissions and to promote soil carbon sequestration through adoption of advanced production technologies. In this regard, the Government has emphasized the importance of accessing low-emission technologies and establishing scientific evaluation methods to lower emissions from its agricultural sector.