Moving to a low-carbon future will create challenges for Canada's fossil-fuel industries, but opportunities in the form of a new market for low-carbon goods and services. The challenges for the resource sector will vary across commodities. Competition in the new market for low-carbon goods and services will be tough; sustained competitive advantage will be difficult to maintain due to capital mobility. With these challenges in mind, this article proposes three questions for Canadians looking ahead to a low-carbon future. First, how large will the market for low-carbon goods and services be? Second, where are Canada's advantages likely to lie in serving these markets? Finally, what are the roles for Canada's existing natural-resource industries in a low-carbon economy, and what are the strategies to maximize the value of these resources?