This paper explores in more detail the sustainability and economic challenges and opportunities of industrial development. In keeping with UNIDO’s mandate, the focus is on industry in the developing countries. How can enterprises in these countries become greener and lessen their environmental footprint while at the same time continuing to grow and deliver goods, services and jobs to their populations? What role should the governments of developing countries play in this process? Answers to these questions must take into account one overriding imperative: that industry in developing countries needs to grow. Industrial development is the only mechanism that will enable developing countries to reduce the level of poverty and hardship they face. The conclusion offers a strategy for the development aid community, designed to help developing countries bridge the gap between the present and the future.
