International Trade and Investment Agreements and Sustainable Critical Minerals Supply

As demand for critical minerals surges to power the clean energy and digital transitions, mineral rich developing economies have a unique opportunity to capture greater economic benefits through responsible mining and processing.

This report reviews over 100 trade and investment agreements assessing how they balance the needs of mineral-exporting and importing countries across economic, environmental, and social objectives. 

It also offers practical recommendations to help exporting countries better leverage trade and investment frameworks to advance national development goals and ensure more sustainable, resilient mineral supply chains.