Introducing the Minerals-Energy-Food (MEF) Complex

This report presents the minerals-energy-food (MEF) complex as a new lens for managing interconnected global resource challenges. 

The MEF complex links these systems to local factors like water, land and labour, and to global forces such as trade, geopolitics and climate change. It reveals power imbalances, where extraction often occurs in low-income countries while benefits accrue elsewhere.

The report sets out a research and policy agenda to boost data transparency, clarify responsibilities, strengthen governance and ensure affected communities have a voice.