The global food system drives a ten trillion-dollar economy that connects 7.5 billion consumers and a diverse array of more than 1 billion food producers (farmers, ranchers, pastoralists, and fish harvesters). Approximately one-half of the world’s habitable lands are used for agriculture. Not surprisingly, the food production system has a massive impact on our planet. As we look to the future, global food demand is set to increase 50 percent, including a 70 percent increase in protein demand by 2050. Any solution to our challenges around climate, conservation, and human well-being will need to involve a transition in the way we produce food and fiber. Agriculture can begin to use Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to reduce environmental impacts and, in some cases, enhance agricultural productivity. But in order to realise the full potential of NbS to have a positive impact on these problems, new ways are needed to fund them that are commensurate with the scale of the opportunities.