Low-carbon buses (LCBs), which include hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and different types of electric buses, have been promoted widely in cities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This report summarizes the experience of 16 cities in the PRC with an urban bus fleet of 70,000 units, and includes performance data on around 20,000 LCBs, of which nearly 10,000 are pure electric vehicles. The objective of this report is to show real world performance data on LCBs in the PRC, their environmental and financial impact, as well as policies used to promote LCBs. The report will help other cities and countries interested in promoting LCBs develop a realistic environmental and financial impact analysis, design appropriate support policies, and learn from experiences gained in the PRC.