The urban share of the world’s population is projected to reach two-thirds by 2050. As the increase of waste generation in low-middle income countries is three times higher than upper middle- and high-income countries, management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become one of the most pressing urban issues for many developing nations.
This technical report aims to present lessons learned from Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) projects in Cambodia and Laos and Waste to Energy (W2E)i projects in Vietnam. It also assesses the market potential, policy frameworks, as well as implementation challenges and risk management with regard to turning waste issues into an opportunity that will deliver environmental, climate and socio-economic impacts in the respective countries under discussion.
The report provides guidance and insights to policymakers from countries with similar socio-economic profiles and international development agencies on unlocking the potential for large waste treatment infrastructure by identifying the most appropriate policy instruments, technology and financing options.