

This report provides an overview of activities financed by the World Bank's Global Program on Sustainability (GPS) and Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Plus Trust Fund until the end of the fiscal year 2021.
The reporting period was shaped by the COVID pandemic, which created new challenges...


The introduction of bylaws by the Mahalaxmi Municipality in Nepal aims to help address the problem of availability of land for waste and sanitation management business. This paper highlights some proposals that were discussed in consultation with the local and federal government and other stakeholders active in waste management.
The main objective of the proposed bylaw in Mahalaxmi is to ease the availability of land for private entrepreneurs willing to establish a waste and sanitation management business, which can include those related to fecal sludge management. The bylaw will guarantee several socio-economic benefits including employment opportunities and subsidized sales of by-products. For Mahalaxmi, the two potential by-products were determined to be biogas and fertilizers.