This report calculates the natural capital value of forests in Canada by means of the defensive expenditures approach. It includes two main parts: (i) general background on Canada’s forests and approaches to natural capital valuation, and (ii) case studies for each of Canada's eight forest regions.
This paper introduces Japan’s initiative of valuing ecosystem services and incorporates it into the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EEA). Specifically, it evaluates ecological stocks (i.e. forest and wetland) and ecosystem services from them based on economic valuations and develops an accounting system to record these values.
This study estimates the distribution of costs of reclaiming and transporting treated wastewater for reuse in agricultural irrigation across Europe. It considers treatment costs as well as the costs associated with the water transport infrastructure and energy for pumping.
This study evaluates a program of payments for ecosystem services (PES) in Uganda that offered forest-owning households annual payments of 70,000 Ugandan shillings per hectare if they conserved their forest. The program was implemented as a randomized controlled trial in 121 villages, 60 of which received the program for two years.
This case study of Myanmar assesses where and how ecosystems provide key benefits to the country’s people and infrastructure. It models the supply of and demand for sediment retention, dry-season baseflows, flood risk reduction and coastal storm protection from multiple beneficiaries.
This study synthesises insights from “Natural Capital Germany – TEEB DE,” with a particular focus on rural areas. The objectives of the TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) study were to explore causes of the continued decline of ecosystem services and biodiversity and to introduce case studies exemplifying their economic significance in land use decisions. Building upon this analysis, key recommendations for policy, planning, and management are provided.
This is part two of the publication resulting from the Second Policy Forum on Natural Capital Accounting for Better Decision Making, which was co-hosted by the World Bank, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands (MFA), and United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) in 2017. It compiles seven case studies of natural capital accounting in policy-making: two each on Australia and the Pacific, as well as one each for New Zealand, Peru, and Uganda.
This pilot study addresses the cost-effective spatial development of a well-connected green infrastructure relevant to the integration of forest, agri-environment, and regional development policies.
This study assesses multiple benefits (environmental, social, and economic) provided by a multi-purpose green infrastructure (a series of constructed wetlands surrounded by a park) in a peri-urban area and compare it with the alternative grey infrastructure and with the previous situation (a poplar plantation). The study area is located in Gorla Maggiore, a small municipality in northern Italy. A multi-criteria analysis was applied as a basis for integrated valuation.
This paper provides a framework that can be used for analyzing temporal dimensions of ecosystem services. It presents a case study that analyses the supply of three ecosystem services in a Dutch national park, the Hoge Veluwe, over a time span of around a century as well as the implications of temporal scales for ecosystem services valuation and ecosystem management.