This paper examines investments—in the form of equity or debt—in direct investments to infrastructure. It first introduces the pros and cons of project finance instrument. After that, it analyses infrastructure projects as a nexus of contracts and pool of risks. It then highlights the most important variables that investors look at when deciding to invest money in infrastructure projects. Followed by that, it draws conclusions and identifies some possible implications for the design of the business model of a newly created multilateral bank for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries.
This paper is part of the working paper series "Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World" and is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24, exploring the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.
This paper discusses some of the main challenges in developing a robust and viable project pipeline to address the daunting infrastructure needs facing many countries worldwide. It first introduces infrastructure project pipelines in different countries and then analyses challenges from political side as well as planning, preparation, and execution processes. After that, it presents project preparation phases and different types of project preparation facilities. Followed by that, it raises possible project preparation models for a new financial institution.
This paper is part of the working paper series "Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World" and is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24, exploring the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.
This paper examines the public finance underpinnings for an enhanced focus on different types of long-term investments as well as on operations and maintenance of existing investments. It first introduces the public finance envelope and revenue generation, then analyses alternative investment instruments and fiscal implications. After that, it focuses on the overall revenue challenge and addresses issues from taxation levels, tax instruments, and administrative and intergovernmental implications of efficient tax policy design. Followed by that, it explicates related governance and accountability issues and draws conclusions.
This paper is part of the working paper series "Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World" and is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24, exploring the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.
This report serves as a starting point to address the calls from Rio+20 and the United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council to share the South’s various experiences and national-level initiatives for transitioning to sustainable and socially inclusive economies. Four unique national initiatives – all taking place in countries in the South, and at different stages of implementation - are highlighted: Ecological Civilization in China, Sufficiency Economy in Thailand, Green Economy in South Africa, and Living Well in Bolivia.
By emphasizing their common economic, environmental and social aspirations, as well as challenges and available resources, this report aims to benefit countries by sharing experiences that they may find relevant to their own particular challenges. In addition to providing concrete examples, such exchanges can empower countries to share and learn from home-grown responses to sustainable development challenges. In this report, sub-sections describing four national sustainable development approaches are drawn from contributions from the four project countries themselves.
This paper highlights the private sector involvement in investments to ease national fiscal constraints and to enhance efficiency in the provision of key services. Given that public investment requirements far exceed available resources in most developing countries, channelling public resources wisely as well as leveraging the opportunities to utilize both national and international sources of private or institutional finance is necessary.
In this paper, section 1 describes some general trends in involving the private sector in public projects. And section 2 focuses on PPPs and asymmetric information. Finally, section 3 draws some policy conclusions.
This paper is part of the working paper series "Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World" and is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24, exploring the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.