The cities of the 21st century are the largest sites of human settlement today and are increasingly acting as critical nexus points of social, economic, ecological and technological change. This is especially evident in the developing world city context, where growth is most rapid and where future sustainability challenges will be most severe - all this in the light of growing inequalities, poverty and the pervasiveness of slums and informality. This publication presents a rationale for socially inclusive urban transitions to sustainable growth and draws on a range of case studies and theoretical and analytical considerations to establish the basis of the argument. It outlines practical steps that cities can take towards resource efficiency, including: the integration social measures into urban development; governance approaches that engage local communities and civil society groups; financial incentives and subsidies for green technologies; technology transfer; and innovation. The summary was prepared by Eldis.
This book commences with a broad overview of Indonesia’s development since the 1960s. The analytical frameworks for the study, which were developed at Harvard University and ADB, are then used in an attempt to identify the constraints that most severely bind the country’s development, and therefore the priorities for policy implementation and/or reform. The country’s macroeconomic management and monetary policy since the Asian financial crisis is reviewed. The challenges of Indonesia’s slow industrial transformation and small industry sector are described, as are their implications for poverty reduction efforts. The challenges Indonesia faces in developing its infrastructure are set out, e.g., the country’s diverse topography, archipelagic nature, and monopolies. Human capital, an essential element in both growth and poverty reduction, is analysed for the country, including the improvements in enrolments and gender balance, and the limitations the poor face to accessing education. Indonesia’s record on poverty reduction is traced, as are the efforts to improve it.
This report by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), a UK business organisation, shows that the UK has the capability to become a key global player in low carbon products and services, which could add £20 billion to annual GDP by 2014/2015. However, government and business must work together in a proactive and pragmatic way to fully maximise the UK’s green growth potential. The CBI calls on the UK to adopt a smarter, and a more consistent and certain approach to energy and climate change policy, to enable business to invest with confidence. The report lists ten recommendations to the government on the green economy:
This pollution management (PoMa) sourcebook has two major goals. First, it is intended to provide users with current information on available policy tools for pollution management. It is intended as a living document that will be improved over time through periodic review and be updated based on the lessons learned from its application. Second, the sourcebook puts forward the advantages of approaching pollution management through multiple stakeholders (each applying their own policy tools in parallel). Such collaboration can achieve positive outcomes more quickly and ensure a balance between, on the one hand, improved growth and competitiveness objectives, and, on the other hand, pollution management objectives that help to maximize public welfare. In other words, such a collaborative, balanced approach can achieve green and sustainable growth.
This annual report presents an optimistic view of the carbon market, which grew by 11 per cent in 2011. The report shows that despite the financial crisis and the related oversupply of carbon credits within the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as a result of economic downturn, plummeting carbon prices and uncertainty about the post 2020 framework, financially motivated transactions continued to grow within the carbon market. However, it underscores that prices fell during 2011. The report indicates that although China remained the largest source of contracted certified emissions reductions (CERs), African countries emerged stronger in 2011 and accounted for 21 per cent of post-2012 CERs contracted during the year. This summary was prepared by Eldis.